[Insight] Desulfurization Tower Technical Process Flow
Release date:
2024-12-21
Equipment used for desulfurizing industrial exhaust gases is predominantly tower-type devices, commonly referred to as desulfurization towers. Initially, desulfurization towers were most widely constructed using granite masonry, leveraging the principle of water-film scrubbing to remove both sulfur and particulate matter. These systems are also known as granite-water-film desulfurization and dust removal units, or simply "asbestos-stone water-film desulfurization and dust removal devices."
Equipment used for desulfurizing industrial exhaust gases is predominantly tower-type devices, commonly known as desulfurization towers. Initially, desulfurization towers were most widely constructed using granite masonry, leveraging the water-film principle to simultaneously remove sulfur dioxide and particulate matter—hence their alternative names: "granite water-film desulfurization and dust removal equipment" or "ma-shi water-film desulfurization and dust removal device." These towers offer the advantage of easy maintenance, and by adjusting the composition of the dust-removal agent, they can effectively achieve both dust removal and desulfurization (as well as denitrification). With the advancement of fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) technology, desulfurization towers have gradually shifted toward FRP fabrication. Compared to granite towers, FRP desulfurization towers boast lower costs, simpler manufacturing processes, excellent corrosion resistance, durability against rust and decay, and significantly lighter weight—making them the emerging trend in the future development of desulfurization equipment. Additionally, FRP towers excel in three key areas: superior corrosion resistance, high-temperature tolerance, and outstanding wear resistance, which are also critical factors driving the evolution of desulfurization technology. Over the years, continuous improvements have led to the development of various types of desulfurization towers, including Venturi-type, swirl-plate type, swirl-column type, float-ball type, sieve-plate type, and pneumatic emulsification type. Each design has its own unique advantages and limitations, allowing businesses to select the most suitable model based on their specific requirements.
Desulfurization requirements
Large-scale desulfurization units used for flue gas desulfurization are called desulfurization towers, while smaller flue gas desulfurization and dust removal devices employed in coal-fired industrial boilers and kilns are commonly referred to as desulfurization and dust removal collectors. In both desulfurization towers and collectors, flue gas containing SO2 is subjected to chemical absorption of the sulfur dioxide. To enhance the absorption process, improve desulfurization efficiency, and reduce equipment investment and operational costs, these desulfurization towers and collectors must meet the following basic requirements:
(1) There is a large contact area between the gas and liquid phases, and
A certain contact time;
(2) Intense gas-liquid interaction leads to low absorption resistance and high efficiency in SO2 absorption;
(3) Operation must be stable, with appropriate operational flexibility;
(4) The pressure drop during airflow should be minimal;
(5) Simple structure, easy to manufacture and maintain, low cost, and long service life;
(6) Non-scaling, non-clogging, wear-resistant, and corrosion-resistant;
(7) Low energy consumption and no secondary pollution generated.
The SO2 absorption and purification process handles low-concentration SO2 flue gas in considerable volumes, requiring continuous, efficient purification within an extremely short time frame. Therefore, the chemical reactions involving SO2 must be exceptionally fast, with high membrane-phase mass transfer coefficients, ensuring that these reactions occur directly within the gas-liquid interface. Consequently, absorption towers with a continuous gas phase, high turbulence levels, and large interfacial areas—such as spray towers, packed towers, venturi scrubbers, plate towers, and bubble-column absorbers—are particularly well-suited for use as both desulfurization towers and integrated dust-removal units. Typically, spray towers and packed towers are among the most widely used desulfurization technologies due to their simple designs, proven reliability, and mature processes. They are commonly employed in large-scale power plants as well as in medium- and small-sized facilities handling low-sulfur flue gases. For applications dealing with high-sulfur flue gases—particularly in the non-ferrous metallurgy industry—air-driven emulsification desulfurization towers and multi-stage spray towers are often preferred.
Common performance of absorption towers
Commonly used desulfurization towers in coal-fired power plants, both domestically and internationally, primarily include four types: spray empty towers, packed towers, dual-loop towers, and jet-bubbling towers.
Protection Measures Editor
Commonly used major equipment in desulfurization systems includes absorption towers, flue ducts, chimneys, desulfurization pumps, and booster fans. Meijiahua technology has demonstrated remarkable corrosion- and wear-resistant performance in components such as desulfurization pumps, absorption towers, flue ducts, and chimneys. These aspects are described below individually.
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